$ Linux Command

Quick Linux reference

Find the command you need without leaving the keyboard.

Search command names, options, examples, and notes from a clean markdown-backed handbook.

Popular commands

123 commands

7z Create, list, test, and extract 7-Zip archives. archivecompressextract7zip ab Benchmark HTTP server performance with ApacheBench. httpbenchmarkapacheperformance alias Create shortcuts for shell commands. shellshortcutcommandbash apt Manage packages on Debian and Ubuntu systems. packageinstallupdatedebian apt-get Install, upgrade, and remove packages on Debian and Ubuntu systems. packageinstallupdatedebian awk Process text files by fields and patterns. textfieldscolumnsreports base64 Encode or decode Base64 data. base64encodedecodetext blkid Show block device identifiers such as UUID, label, and filesystem type. diskuuidfilesystempartition bzip2 Compress files with the bzip2 compression format. bzip2compressarchivefiles cat Print, combine, and redirect file contents. fileprinttextconcatenate cd Change the current shell directory. directorynavigationshellpath clear Clear the terminal screen. terminalscreenshelldisplay cp Copy files and directories. filescopydirectoriesbackup crontab Install, edit, list, or remove user cron jobs. cronscheduleautomationjobs curl Transfer data from or to URLs. httpurldownloadapi cut Extract columns, fields, or character ranges from text. textcolumnsfieldsdelimiter dd Copy and convert raw data between files or devices. diskimagecopydevice df Show filesystem disk space usage. diskfilesystemspacestorage diff Compare files line by line. comparefilespatchchanges dig Query DNS records. dnsdomainlookupnetwork dmesg Print kernel ring buffer messages. kernelboothardwarelogs docker Manage containers, images, networks, and volumes. containervirtualizationdeployimage dpkg Install, inspect, and remove Debian package files. debianpackagedebinstall du Estimate file and directory disk usage. disksizedirectorystorage echo Print text or shell variable values. shellprinttextvariable emacs Extensible, customizable text editor and computing environment. editortextlispdevelopment env Show or run commands with environment variables. environmentvariableshellcommand export Mark shell variables for child processes. shellvariableenvironmentscript file Identify a file's type from its contents. filetypeinspectmime find Search for files and directories by name, type, time, size, and more. filesdirectoriessearchdelete fish The Friendly Interactive Shell. shellterminalfishautosuggestion free Show memory and swap usage. memoryramswapsystem git Track source code changes and collaborate with repositories. version-controlrepositorycommitbranch grep Search text for lines matching a pattern. searchtextpatternlogs gunzip Decompress gzip files. decompressgzipextractfiles gzip Compress files using gzip. compressgziparchivefiles head Print the beginning of files. textfilepreviewbeginning history Show and reuse shell command history. shellhistorycommandsbash host Perform simple DNS lookups. dnslookupdomainip htop Display an interactive process viewer. processmonitorsignal id Show user ID, group ID, and group membership. useruidgidgroups ifconfig Show or configure network interfaces on older systems. networkinterfaceaddresslegacy ip Show and manage network interfaces, addresses, routes, and neighbors. networkinterfaceaddressroute journalctl Read and filter systemd journal logs. logssystemdserviceboot jq Process and transform JSON data from the command line. jsonfiltertransformquery kill Send a signal to a process. processsignalstopterminate less View text files page by page with search and scrolling. textpagerviewsearch ln Create hard links and symbolic links. linksymlinkhard linkfiles ls List files and directories. filesdirectorieslistpermissions lsblk List block devices such as disks and partitions. diskpartitionstorageblock-device lscpu Show CPU architecture and processor information. cpuarchitecturecoressystem lsof List open files and the processes using them. filesprocessportstroubleshoot man Read manual pages for commands and system interfaces. manualhelpdocsreference mkcert Create locally trusted TLS/SSL certificates for development. tlssslcertificatehttps mkdir Create directories. directorycreatefilesystempath mount Attach filesystems into the Linux directory tree. filesystemmountdiskusb mv Move or rename files and directories. filesmoverenamedirectories nano Simple, terminal-based text editor. editortextterminalnano nc Read and write network connections from the command line. networkporttcptroubleshoot neofetch Display system information in the terminal with an ASCII logo. systeminfofetchascii nmap Network exploration tool and security scanner. networkscanportssecurity nohup Run a command immune to hangups after logout. backgroundprocesslogoutlong-running openssl Cryptography toolkit for TLS/SSL, certificates, and encryption. ssltlscertificatesencryption parted Partition table editor for disk devices. partitionsdiskgptmbr passwd Change user passwords and password status. passworduseraccountsecurity perl Practical Extraction and Report Language interpreter. scriptingtext processingregexcpan php PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor command-line interpreter. phpscriptingwebcli pidof Find the process ID of a running program. pidprocessrunningfind ping Test network reachability with ICMP echo requests. networkconnectivitylatencyicmp pip Package installer for Python packages (PyPI). pythonpackagespypiinstall poweroff Power off the system. shutdownpoweroffhaltreboot ps Show running processes. processpidinspectsystem pstree Display a tree of running processes. processestreehierarchyparent pv Monitor the progress of data through a pipeline. progresspipemonitoringthroughput pwd Print the current working directory. directorypathnavigationshell rename Rename multiple files using a Perl expression. renamebatchfilesregex rm Remove files and directories. filesdeleteremovedirectories rpm Install, query, verify, and remove RPM package files. packageinstallqueryrpm rsync Efficiently copy and synchronize files locally or over SSH. synccopybackupssh scp Copy files between machines over SSH. sshcopyremotefiles screen Run persistent terminal sessions that can be detached and resumed. terminalsessiondetachremote sed Edit text streams using patterns and substitutions. textreplacestreamfilter service Run legacy init service scripts. serviceinitsystemlegacy sftp Transfer files interactively over SSH. sshtransferfilesremote sh The POSIX shell command interpreter. shellcommandinterpreterposix sha256sum Compute or verify SHA-256 checksums. checksumhashverifyfiles sort Sort lines of text. textsortlinesnumeric ss Inspect network sockets and listening ports. networksocketportlistening ssh Connect securely to a remote machine. sshremoteloginshell ssh-keygen Generate, inspect, and manage SSH keys. sshkeysecurityauthentication sshd OpenSSH SSH daemon for secure remote login. sshdaemonremotesecure su Switch user or run a shell as another user. userrootshelllogin sudo Run a command with another user's privileges. rootadminprivilegessecurity systemctl Inspect and control systemd services and units. systemdservicestartstop tail Print the end of files and follow growing logs. textfilelogsfollow tar Create, list, and extract tar archives. archivecompressextractbackup tcpdump Capture and analyze network packets in real time. packetcapturenetworkanalysis timedatectl Control system time, date, and timezone. timedatetimezonentp tmux Terminal multiplexer for managing multiple sessions. terminalmultiplexersessionsplit top Monitor processes and system resource usage live. processmonitorcpumemory touch Create empty files or update file timestamps. filecreatetimestampmtime tr Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from standard input. textcharactersreplacedelete traceroute Show the network path packets take to a host. networkroutelatencyhops trap Execute commands when signals or events occur. shellsignalhandlercleanup tree Display directories as an indented tree. directoryfileslisttree ufw Manage a simple firewall on Ubuntu and related systems. firewallsecurityportsubuntu uname Print system and kernel information. systemkernelarchitectureversion uniq Filter adjacent duplicate lines. textduplicateuniquecount unzip List, test, and extract ZIP archives. zipextractarchivefiles uptime Show how long the system has been running and load average. systemloaduptimeusers useradd Create a local user account. useraccountadminlogin usermod Modify an existing local user account. useraccountgroupshell vi The classic modal text editor. editortextmodalex vmstat Report memory, process, paging, block IO, and CPU activity. performancememorycpumonitoring watch Run a command repeatedly and display the output. monitorrepeatcommandterminal wc Count lines, words, bytes, and characters. textcountlineswords wget Download files from the web. downloadwebhttpmirror whatis Display one-line manual page descriptions. manhelpdocumentationsearch whoami Print the current effective username. useridentityshellpermissions xargs Build command lines from standard input. pipeargumentscommandfiles xclip Command-line interface to the X clipboard. x11clipboardcopypaste xrandr Configure X server display outputs and resolutions. x11displayresolutionmonitor zip Package and compress files into a ZIP archive. zipcompressarchivefiles